Basic Computer Science

Components of Computer

Computer system is made up of different components which help in its effective functioning and processing. Following are the three basic components of computer that help in making the processing of data easier and convenient.

1. Input Unit
2. Central Processing Unit (CPU)
3. Output Unit

1. Input Unit

This unit creates a link between the user and the computer. It contains input devices with the help of which we enter data into the computer. Data can be in the form of numbers, actions, voice, and commands. Examples of input devices include keyboad, mouse, microphone, touch-screen, etc.

2. Central Processing Unit (CPU)

The central processing unit is considered as the brain of the computer. It performs all types of data processing operations. It stores data, intermediate results, and instructions. It controls the operation of all parts of the computer.

The CPU itself has the following three components:

1. Memory Unit: Once a user enters data using input devices, the computer system stores this data in the memory unit of the CPU. The stored data will remain in the memory unit until other components of CPU process it.
2. Control Unit: This unit controls the operations of all parts of the computer. It communicates with Input/Output devices for transfer of data or results from storage. It obtains the instructions from the memory, interprets them, and directs the operation of the computer.
3. Arithmetic and Logic Unit: This unit consists of arithmetic and logic section. The arithmetic section perfom basic arithmetic operations like addition, subtraction, division, multiplication, etc. While the logic section perform basic logic operations like comparison of data, selecting, matching, and merging of data.

3. Output Unit

After processing of raw data that is entered in the computer through an input device, The output unit gives us the final result in a format which humans can understand. There are various output devices that display output data in different ways. Example of such devices are, Monitor, printer, speaker, and sort.